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2025 Vol.52, Issue 4

Review Article

Improvement of oocyte in vitro maturation for assisted reproductive technology application in mammal
Adel R. Moawad1*
,
Inchul Choi2
1Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Family Sciences, and Technology, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
2Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
*Corresponding Author
1 December 2025. pp. 383-396
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

In vitro maturation (IVM) of mammalian oocytes is one of the earliest achievements in reproductive biology, first demonstrated in mice and later extended to livestock and humans. While extrusion of the first polar body is a common marker of nuclear maturation, full developmental competence also requires cytoplasmic changes such as mitochondrial redistribution, maternal RNA regulation, cytoskeletal remodeling, and redox balance. The importance of IVM differs by field. In livestock, it underpins in vitro embryo production (IVP) from slaughterhouse ovaries or ovum pick-up, and provides essential oocytes for embryo transfer, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and genome editing. In humans, IVM reduces the need for strong ovarian stimulation, lowering the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Furthermore, climate change and heat stress in dairy cattle highlight IVM as a strategy to maintain oocyte quality under controlled conditions. However, IVM-derived oocytes still show reduced competence compared with those that mature in vivo, largely due to incomplete cytoplasmic maturation, such as clustered mitochondrial distribution and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To overcome these limitations, several strategies have been developed, including antioxidant supplementation in culture media, co-culture systems, and microfluidic platforms. In particular, the integration of IVM with vitrification has further expanded assisted reproductive technology (ART). In this review, we focus on evaluation methods for oocyte maturation, improved culture approaches, integration with cryopreservation, and applications in ART and biotechnology, including IVP, SCNT, and genome editing.

Keywords
assisted reproductive technology
cryopreservation
maturation
oocyte
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Information
  • Publisher :Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University
  • Publisher(Ko) :충남대학교 농업과학연구소
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
  • Journal Title(Ko) :농업과학연구
  • Volume : 52
  • No :4
  • Pages :383-396
  • Received Date : 2025-11-12
  • Revised Date : 2025-11-24
  • Accepted Date : 2025-11-24
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.520401
Journal Informaiton Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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