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2025 Vol.52, Issue 4 Preview Page

Engineering

Measurement of physical and contact properties of garlic bulbs for computational modeling
Jae-Seo Hwang1
,
Si-Eon Lee1
,
Young-Woo Do1
,
So-Yun Gong1
,
Hyeon-Seo Yoon1
,
Seon-Ju Park1
,
Gi-Deok Kim1
,
Seung-Gwi Kwon2
,
Seok-Pyo Moon3
,
Seung-Yun Baek45
,
Wan-Soo Kim167*
1Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
2Bulls Co., Ltd., Seongju 40053, Korea
3Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Korea
4Eco-Friendly Hydrogen Electric Tractor & Agricultural Machinery Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
5Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
6Department of Smart Bio-Industrial Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
7Upland Field Machinery Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
*Corresponding Author
1 December 2025. pp. 711-723
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Abstract

Aim of this study was to measure the physical and interaction parameters between garlic bulbs and contact materials for use in discrete element method (DEM) simulations. Garlic bulbs were classified into three size groups—small, medium, and large—and their geometric dimensions (width and height), weight, water content, coefficient of static friction, and coefficient of restitution were measured. These parameter values were obtained using standard measurement tools and established test methods. As the size category increased, the bulbs showed a clear increasing trend in width (4.29 - 5.88 cm), height (3.12 - 3.78 cm), and weight (39.1 - 73.0 g). Experimental results showed that the static friction coefficient increased with bulb size, ranging from 0.3806 - 0.4499 for metal, 0.5834 - 0.6043 for soil, and 0.5427 - 0.6215 for rubber. In contrast, the coefficient of restitution decreased with increasing bulb size, with values ranging from 0.3646 - 0.3979 for metal, 0.2079 - 0.2514 for soil, and 0.2951 - 0.3699 for rubber, while no distinct trend was observed for garlic–garlic collisions (0.8668 - 0.8869). These findings indicated that both material type and bulb size significantly influenced contact behavior, highlighting the need for precise, condition-specific parameter inputs for accurate DEM simulations. The parameters and their trends derived from this study are expected to serve as fundamental reference data for future DEM-based analyses of garlic–machine interactions.

Keywords
coefficient of restitution
coefficient of static friction
discrete element method
garlic
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Information
  • Publisher :Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University
  • Publisher(Ko) :충남대학교 농업과학연구소
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
  • Journal Title(Ko) :농업과학연구
  • Volume : 52
  • No :4
  • Pages :711-723
  • Received Date : 2025-10-31
  • Revised Date : 2025-11-20
  • Accepted Date : 2025-11-20
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.520425
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