Korean Journal of Agricultural Science (Korean J. Agric. Sci.; KJOAS)
Indexed in KCI (Korea Citation Index), Open Access, Peer Reviewed.
pISSN 2466-2402
eISSN 2466-2410

Growth characteristics and antioxidant activity of domestic calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica)

CONTENTS

PLANT&FOREST

Seo KH, Ahn MS, Yi JH, Lee YR, Kang YI, Choi YJ, Suh JN, Jang HS. Growth characteristics and antioxidant activity of domestic calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica). Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 50:261-272.

Korean Journal of Agricultural Science (Korean J. Agric. Sci.) 2023 June, Volume 50, Issue 2, pages 50:261-272. https://doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.20230017

Received on 26 December 2022, Revised on 26 December 2022, Accepted on 26 April 2023, Published on 30 June 2023.

Growth characteristics and antioxidant activity of domestic calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica)

Kyung Hye Seo1,*, Myung Suk Ahn1, Ji Hun Yi1, Young Ran Lee1, Yun-Im Kang1, Youn Jung Choi2, Jung Nam Suh1, Hye Sook Jang1

1Floriculture Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea

2Korea Program on Internaltional Agriculture (KOPIA), RDA, Jeonju 54875, Korea

*Corresponding author: seokh@korea.kr

Abstract

Calla lily is one of the most iconic and widely recognized ornamental plants. This study compared the extracts of 11 cultivars of domestic calla lily bred by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science for their total polyphenol and antioxidant activities. Eleven cultivars were evaluated for their growth and flowering characteristics as per the Manual for Agricultural Investigation Rural Development Administration (RDA) form. The antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbebzothiazoloine-6-sulfonic acid)-diammounium salt (ABTS+) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect. The plants have an average height of 63.80 ± 5.4 cm, average flower diameter of 7.2 ± 1.1 cm, and width of 12.4 ± 1.7 cm. On average, the diameter and width of leaves were 33.7 ± 3.5 cm and 20.0 ± 1.4 cm, respectively. Extracts of flowers and leaves in the 11 cultivars of white calla lily were compared for their antioxidant activities and total polyphenol contents. ABTS+ and DPPH radical scavenging, which are indicative of antioxidant activity, were higher in flowers than in leaves. When comparing by cultivar, we found that ‘White Egg’ showed the highest antioxidant activity in both the flowers and the leaves. Additionally, we found that by part, the content of total polyphenols was highest in flowers, and by cultivar, it was highest in the ‘Swan’ and ‘White Egg’ cultivars. Furthermore, the days to flowering showed correlations with ABTS+ radical scavenging, total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid contents (TFC). Our results indicate that calla lily can be used as breeding material material according to its growth characteristics and as a natural antioxidant source.

Keywords

anti-oxidant, calla lily, total polyphenol, Zantedeschia aethipica

References

Ares G, Barreiro C, Deliza R, Gámbaro A. 2009. Alternatives to reduce the bitterness, astringency and characteristic flavour of antioxidant extracts. Food Research International 42:871-878.

Aruona OI. 2003. Methodological considerations for characterizing potential antioxidant active of bioactive components in plant foods. Mutant Research 523:9-20.

Bertoncelj J, Doberšek U, Jamnik M, Golob T. 2007. Evaluation of the phenolic content, antioxidant activity and cooler of Slovenia honey. Food Chemistry 105:822-828.

Bondet V, Williams WB, Berset C. 1997. Kinetics and mechanisms of antioxidant activity using the DPPH free radical method. LWT-Food Science & Technology 30:609-615.

Chen Z, Pang Y, Liu X, Wang X, Deng Z, Sun X, Tang K. 2005. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel mannose-binding lectin cDNA from Zantedeschia aethiopica. Biocell 29:187-193.

Choi JY, Kim HJ, Hyung NI. 1998. Plant regeneration via organogenesis from leaf and stipule segments of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.). Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture 25:347-357. [in Korean]

Hyang YJ, Cho HR, Rhee JH, Shin HK, Park SK. 2015b. Breeding of a multi-flowering and early-flowering white calla lily cultivar ‘White Cutie’ resistant to soft rot disease. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science Technology 33:618-623. [in Korean]

Hyang YJ, Goo DH, Kang YI, Choi YJ, Lee YR. 2015a. ‘White Heart’: A mid-flowering Zantedeschia aethiopica cultivar with round flowers and soft rot resistance. Flower Research Journal 25:165-169. [in Korean]

Hyun MR, Lee YS, Park YH. 2011. Antioxidative activity and flavonoid content of chrysanthemum zawadskii flowers. Journal of Horticultural Science Technology 29:68-73. [in Korean]

Jo YJ, Seo JH, Hong CY, Kim ST, Choi EK, Kim YB, Lee JS, Jeong HS. 2021. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of 21 different rose flower cultivar. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 50:354-361. [in Korean]

Kang YH, Park YK, Lee GD. 1996. The nitrite scavenging and electron donating ability of phenolic compounds. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology 28:232-239. [in Korean]

Kim EJ, Choi JY, Yu MR, Kim MY, Lee SH, Lee BH. 2012. Total polyphenols, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of Korean natural and medicinal plants. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology 44:337-342. [in Korean]

Kim JW, Um M, Lee JW. 2018. Antioxidant activities of hot water extracts from different parts of rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.). Journal of Korean Wood Science and Technology 46:38-47. [in Korean]

Ko MS, Lee HJ, Kang MJ. 2012. Antioxidant activities and whitening effects of extracts from Hippophae rhamnoides L. Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life 22:812-817. [in Korean]

Kwak CS, Choi HI. 2015. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract and sequential fractions of flowers of Prunuspersica in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of the Korean Society Food Science Nutrition 44:1439-1449. [in Korean]

Lee BB, Chun JH, Lee SH, Park HR, Kim JM, Park EJ, Lee SC. 2007. Antioxidative and antigenotoxic activity of extracts from Rhododendron mucromulatum Turcz. Flowers. Journal of the Korean Society Food Science Nutrition 36:1628-1632. [in Korean]

Lee HJ, Lee JH, Jung JT, Lee YJ, Oh MW, Chang JK, Jeong HS, Park CG. 2019. Changes in free sugar, coixol contents and antioxidant activities of Adlay sprout (Coixlacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf.) according to different growth stage. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science 27:339-347. [in Korean]

Lee MK, Park JS, Song HJ, Chon SU. 2014. Effects of polyphenol and catechin levels on antioxidant activity of several edible flower extracts. Korean Journal of Plant Resources 27:111-118. [in Korean]

Lee S, You Y, Kim K, Park J, Jeong C, Jhon DY, Jun W. 2012. Antioxidant activities of native Gwangyang Rubus coreanus Muq. Journal of the Korean Society Food Science Nutrition 41:327-332. [in Korean]

MAFRA (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs). 2021. Flower cultivation status. p. 48. MAFRA, Sejong, Korea. [in Korean]

Mugisha J, Asekova S, Kulkarni KP, Park CW, Lee JD. 2016. Evaluation of crude protein, crude oil, total flavonoid, total polyphenol content and DPPH activity in the sprouts from a high oleic acid soybean cultivar. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 43:723-733.

Nam CW, Yoo DL, Kim SJ, Suh JT, Peak KY, An SW, Chun H. 2016. Growth and flowering as affected by tuber hardness, GA3 concentrations and treatment duration in Calla (Zantedeschia). Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 43:28-32. [in Korean]

NIHHS (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science). 2018. Developed cultivates of flower bulbs. pp. 290-305. NIHHS, Jeonju, Korea. [in Korean]

RDA (Rural Development Administration). 1996. Bulbous floriculture cultivation technology. pp. 319-328. RDA, Suwon, Korea. [in Korean]

RDA (Rural Development Administration). 2012. Manual for agricultural investigation. p. 596. RDA, Suwon, Korea. [in Korean]

RDA (Rural Development Administration). 2018. Standard manual for growing calla. pp. 10-12. RDA, Jeonju, Korea. [in Korean]

Re R, Pelligrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C. 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 26:1231-1237.

Seo KH, Choi YJ, Suh JN, Kang YI, Lee YR. 2021. Breeding of white calla lily ‘Swan’ with early flowering and many numbers of flowers. Flower Research Journal 29:42-46.

Singh Y, Wyk AE, Baijnath H. 1996. Taxonomic notes on the genus Zantedeschia Spreng. (Araceae) in Southern Africa. South African Journal of Botany 62:321-324.

Soobrattee MA, Neergheen VS, Luximon-Ramma A, Aruoma OI, Bahorun T. 2005. Phenolic as potential antioxidant therapeutic agents: Mechanism and actions. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 579:200-213.
Soundharrajan I, Arasu MV, Lee JC, Kim DH, Roh SG, Park HS, Choi GJ, Mayakrishnan V, Choi KC. 2014. Trigonelline attenuates the adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Phytomedicine 21:758-765.

Suh HJ, Choi SH. 2010. Safety assessment of estimated daily intakes of antioxidants in Korean using dietary survey approach and food supply survey approach. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology 42:762-767. [in Korean]

Wei ZZ, Luo LB, Zhang HL, Xiong M, Wang X, Zhou D. 2012. Identification and characterization of 43 novel polymorphic EST-SSR markers for arum lily, Zantedeschia aethiopica (Araceae). American Journal Botany 99:e493-7.

Wong PYY, Kitts DD. 2006. Studies on the dual antioxidant and antibacterial properties of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) extracts. Food Chemistry 97:505-515.

Zhou K, Yu L. 2006. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant properties of commonly consumed vegetables grown in Colorado. LWT-Food Science & Technology 39:1155-1162.

Authors Information

Kyung Hye Seo, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-8051

Myung Suk Ahn, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3886-3381

Ji Hun Yi, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0197-6438

Young Ran Lee, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0197-6438

Yun-Im Kang, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5759-065X

Youn Jung Choi, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2590-4690

Jung Nam Suh, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6191-8400

Hye Sook Jang, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4609-9582

Conflicts of interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acknowledgements

본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 기본연구사업 (과제번호: PJ01441103)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.