Korean Journal of Agricultural Science (Korean J. Agric. Sci.; KJOAS)
Indexed in KCI (Korea Citation Index), Open Access, Peer Reviewed.
pISSN 2466-2402
eISSN 2466-2410
Menu
Tran GH, Choi J, Lee HD, Lee Y, Hwang JS, Kim DY, Lee HM, Lee S. Analysis of essential oils by GC/MS and tilianin by HPLC/UV of the aerial parts of Agastache rugosa. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 50:63-73.
Korean Journal of Agricultural Science (Korean J. Agric. Sci.) 2023 March, Volume 50, Issue 1, pages 63-73. https://doi.org/10.7744/kjoas. 20230003
Received on 22 November 2022, Revised on 22 November 2022, Accepted on 06 January 2023, Published on 30 March 2023.
Gia Han Tran1, Jungwon Choi1, Hak-Dong Lee1,2, Yunji Lee3, Jae Seong Hwang4, Do Yoon Kim4, Hwan Myung Lee4, Sanghyun Lee1,2,5,*
1Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
2Natural Product Institute of Science and Technology, Anseong 17546, Korea
3Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Korea
4Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
5BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
*Corresponding author: slee@cau.ac.kr
Agastache rugosa is an edible plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family and has different names including Korean Mint, purple giant hyssop, Indiana mint, and wrinkled giant hyssop. A. rugosa is renowned as a vegetable and herbal medicine in conventional therapy. Many compounds of A. rugosa were detected by instruments for industrial use. To examine various compounds in A. rugosa, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ultraviolet-visible method (HPLC/UV) was developed. Essential oils including those used to treat diseases were extracted by a steam distillation method and characterized using the GC/MS method. Tilianin, a polyphenol compound possessing antioxidant capacity, was then analyzed by the HPLC/UV method. The six compounds of A. rugosa essential oil were identified as 1-heptanol, n,n-dimethylvinylamine, limonene, isomenthone, 4-allylanisole, and pulegone. Among these, the most abundant component was 4-allylanisole, accounting for 90.4% of the compounds. The tilianin content from aerial parts of A. rugosa was 9.58 mg·g-1 extract. Tilianin thus may serve as a marker compound for evaluating the bioactivity and determining the therapeutic efficacy of this plant. A. rugosa containing these bioactive compounds is expected to be a beneficial resource for expanding industrial applications in the future.
Agastache rugosa, essential oil, quantitative analysis, steam distillation, tilianin
Akanda MR, Uddin MN, Kim IS, Ahn D, Tae HJ, Park BY. 2019. The biological and pharmacological roles of polyphenol flavonoid tilianin. European Journal of Pharmacology 842:291-297.
Choi SA, Park JH, Lee HS, Lee JH. 2021. Acaricidal properties of 5-methylfurfural identified from Valeriana fauriei and its structural analogues against synanthropic mites and Asian longhorned tick with color alterations. Applied Biological Chemistry 64:94.
Chung HG, Bang JK, Seong NS, Kim SM. 2003. Review of functional volatile components in essential oil of medicinal and aromatic plants. Korean Journal of Crop Science 48:41-48. [in Korean]
Dauer W, Przedborski S. 2003. Parkinson’s disease: Mechanisms and models. Neuron 39:889-909.
Do JW, Noh SW, Bok GJ, Lee HJ, Lee JW, Park JS. 2020. Selection of optimal varieties suitable for indoor cultivation considering the growth and functional content of Agastache species. Journal of Bio-Environment Control 29:202-208. [in Korean]
Firenzuoli F, Jaitak V, Horvath G, Bassolé IHN, Setzer WN, Gori L. 2014. Essential oils: New perspectives in human health and wellness. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014:467363.
Gálvez J, Estrada-Reyes R, Benítez-King G, Araujo G, Orozco S, Fernández-Mas R, Almazán S, Calixto E. 2015. Involvement of the GABAergic system in the neuroprotective and sedative effects of acacetin 7-O-glucoside in rodents. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 33:683-700.
Gong H, Li S, He L, Kasimu R. 2017. Microscopic identification and in vitro activity of Agastache rugosa (Fisch et Mey) from Xinjiang, China. BMC Complementary Alternative Medicine 17:95.
Gong H, Zhou X, Zhu M, Ma X, Zhang X, Tian S. 2012. Constituents of essential oil isolated from the dried flower and leaf of Agastache rugosa (Fisch. et Mey) from Xinjiang in China. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants 15:534-538.
Haiyan G, Lijuan H, Shaoyu L, Chen Z, Ashraf MA. 2016. Antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antitumor activities of essential oil of Agastache rugosa from Xinjiang, China. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 23:524-530.
Hernández-Abreu O, Castillo-España P, León-Rivera I, Ibarra-Barajas M, Villalobos-Molina R, González-Christen J, Vergara-Galicia J, Estrada-Soto S. 2009. Antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of tilianin isolated from Agastache mexicana are mediated by NO/cGMP pathway and potassium channel opening. Biochemical Pharmacology 78:54-61.
Hernandez-Abreu O, Torres-Piedra M, Garcia-Jimenez S, Ibarra-Barajas M, Villalobos-Molina R, Montes S, Rembao D, Estrada-Soto S. 2013. Dose-dependent antihypertensive determination and toxicological studies of tilianin isolated from Agastache mexicana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 146:87-191.
Hong JJ, Choi JH, Oh SR, Lee HK, Park JH, Lee KY, Kim JJ, Jeong TK, Oh GT. 2001. Inhibition of cytokine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression; possible mechanism for anti-atherogenic effect of Agastache rugosa. FEBS Letters 495:142-147.
Hong MJ, Kim JH, Kim HY, Kim MJ, Kim SM. 2020. Chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil of Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) O. Kuntze. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science 28:95-110. [in Korean]
Hwang JM, Lee MH, Lee JH, Lee JH. 2021. Agastache rugosa extract and its bioactive compound tilianin suppress adipogenesis and lipogenesis on 3T3-L1 cells. Applied Sciences 11:7679.
Jung SH, Jung HS. 2022. A study on the physiological activity effect as a cosmetic material using 3 kinds of domestic plants and combination oil. Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology 39:303-313. [in Korean]
Kim HK, Lee HK, Shin CG, Huh H. 1999. HIV integrase inhibitory activity of Agastache rugosa. Archives of Pharmacal Research 22:520-523.
Kim J. 2008. Phytotoxic and antimicrobial activities and chemical analysis of leaf essential oil from Agastache rugosa. Journal of Plant Biology 51:276-283.
Kim SJ, Bok KJ, Lam VP, Park JS. 2017. Response of nutrient solution and photosynthetic photon flux density for growth and accumulation of antioxidant in Agastache rugosa under hydroponic culture system. Journal of Bio-Environment Control 26:249-257.
Kim SJ, Park JE, Bok GJ, Kanth BK, Lam VP, Park JS. 2018. High electrical conductivity of nutrient solution and application of methyl jasmonate promote phenylpropanoid production in hydroponically grown Agastache rugosa. Horticultural Science and Technology 36:841-852.
Lee CT. 2015. Production of phytoncide from Korean pine cone waste by steam distillation. Applied Chemistry for Engineering 26:648-658. [in Korean]
Li HQ, Liu QZ, Liu ZL, Du SS, Deng ZW. 2013. Chemical composition and nematicidal activity of essential oil of Agastache rugosa against Meloidogyne incognita. Molecules 18:4170-4180.
Lim S, Jang J, Park W, Uddin MR, Chae S, Kim H, Park S. 2013. Chemical composition of essential oils from flower and leaf of Korean mint, Agastache rugosa. Asian Journal of Chemistry 25:4361-4363.
Liu SD, Song MH, Yun W, Lee JH, Cho SY, Kim GM, Kim HB, Cho JH. 2019. Effects of a mixture of essential oils and organic acid supplementation on growth performance, blood profiles, leg bone length, and intestinal morphology in broilers. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 46:285-292.
Nam KH, Choi JH, Seo YJ, Lee YM, Won YS, Lee MR, Park JG, Kim YM, Kim HC, Lee CH, et al. 2006. Inhibitory effects of tilianin on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in low density lipoprotein receptor deficiency mice. Experimental and Molecular Medicine 38:445-452.
Nam KW, Kim J, Hong JJ, Choi JH, Mar W, Cho MH, Kim YM, Oh SR, Lee HK, Nam KH, et al. 2005. Inhibition of cytokine-induced IkB kinase activation as a mechanism contributing to the anti-atherogenic activity of tilianin in hyperlipidemic mice. Atherosclerosis 180:27-35.
Oh HM, Kang YJ, Lee YS, Park MK, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Seo HG, Lee JH, Chang KC. 2006. Protein kinase G-dependent heme oxygenase-1 induction by Agastache rugosa leaf extract protects RAW264.7 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced injury. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 103:229-235.
Park CJ, Kim HS, Lee DW, Kim J, Choi YH. 2020a. Identification of antifungal constituents of essential oils extracted from Boesenbergia pulcherrima against Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum). Applied Biological Chemistry 63:34.
Park S, Kim N, Yoo G, Kim Y, Lee TH, Kim SY, Kim SH. 2016. A new flavone glycoside from the leaves of Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & CA Mey.) Kuntze. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 67:17-21.
Park WT, Kim HH, Chae SC, Cho JW, Park SU. 2014. Phenylpropanoids in Agastache foeniculum and its cultivar A. foeniculum ‘Golden Jubilee’. Asian Journal of Chemistry 26:4599-4601.
Park WT, Yeo SK, Sathasivam R, Park JS, Kim JK, Park SU. 2020b. Influence of light-emitting diodes on phenylpropanoid biosynthetic gene expression and phenylpropanoid accumulation in Agastache rugosa. Applied Biological Chemistry 63:25.
Seify Z, Yadegari M, Pirbalouti AG. 2018. Essential oil composition of Rosa damascene Mill. produced with different storage temperatures and durations. Horticultural Science and Technology 36:552-559.
Shin S. 2004. Essential oil compounds from Agastache rugosa as antifungal agents against Trichophyton species. Archives of Pharmacal Research 27:295-299.
Silva-Alves KS, Ferreira-da-Silva FW, Peixoto-Neves D, Viana-Cardoso KV, Moreira-Júnior L, Oquendo MB, Oliveira-Abreu K, Albuquerque AAC, Coelho-de-Souza AN, Leal-Cardoso JH. 2013. Estragole blocks neuronal excitability by direct inhibition of Na+ channels. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 46:1056-1063.
Song TE, Moon JK, Lee CH. 2020. Polyphenol content and essential oil composition of sweet basil cultured in a plant factory with light-emitting diodes. Horticultural Science and Technology 38:620-630.
Wang L, Chen Q, Zhu L, Zeng X, Li Q, Hu M, Wang X, Liu Z. 2018. Simultaneous determination of tilianin and its metabolites in mice using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomedical Chromatography 32:e4139.
Wang Y, Yuan Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Cheng J, Tian L, Guo X, Qin D, Cao W. 2017. Tilianin post-conditioning attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via mitochondrial protection and inhibition of apoptosis. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 23:4490.
Wei J, Cao P, Wang J, Kang W. 2016. Analysis of tilianin and acacetin in Agastache rugosa by high-performance liquid chromatography with ionic liquids-ultrasound based extraction. Chemistry Central Journal 10:76.
Yuk YS. 2022. Function of blending essential oil in the development of anti-dandruff products. International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication 14:171-181.
Zeng C, Jiang W, Zheng R, He C, Li J, Xing J. 2018. Cardioprotection of tilianin ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: role of the apoptotic signaling pathway. PLoS One 13:e0193845.
Gia Han Tran, Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Master student
Jungwon Choi, Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Master
Hak-Dong Lee, Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ph.D. student
Yunji Lee, Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Researcher
Jae Seong Hwang, Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Doctor of Philosophy
Do Yoon Kim, Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Doctor of Philosophy
Hwan Myung Lee, Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Professor
Sanghyun Lee, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-207X
G. H. Tran, J. Choi, H.-D. Lee: HPLC analysis, Y. Lee: sampling and experimental design, J. S. Hwang, D. Y. Kim: steam distillation, H. M. Lee: data analysis and data curation, and S. Lee: experimental design and writing.
This research was conducted with a grant from the Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea.
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.